Pollen is the male part of the flower. It's a dust which is generally yellowish but may be red or purple. Pollen is made of 15-18% of water, 35% of carbohydrates, 20% of proteins as well as vitamins, minerals, amino acids which are lacking in honey.
Bees account for 80% of pollination as they drop pollen on the pistil of flowers.
Pollen has antibacterial and antioxidant properties. It strengthens the immune system and protects against cell damage. It's a natural testosterone booster and builds muscles.
Wax is produced by the workers, the only bees with the right glands under their abdomen. Wax is used as a structure material to make cells. Wax composition is stable; it weakly depends on the area or the bee species.
Unsurprisingly, the beekeepers provide premade cells to reduce the energetic expense of the bees and enable them to keep focused on making honey. It takes 2 kilograms of sugar to 1 kilogram of bees (a dozen thousands insects) to make 50 grams of honey.